The Porsche GT3 car is the most powerful race car based on the Porsche 911, which last year scored wins at the 24 hour races of Le Mans and Spa as well as overall victory at the Nuerburgring 24 hours, competes in the GT2 class at international long distance races. The most distinguishing feature of the new GT3 RSR is the front end which received major improvements to the aerodynamics. The majority of innovations however are hidden under the weight-optimised body. The Porsche GT3 powered with 3.8-litre boxer engine. It delivers 465 hp (342 kW) at 8,000 revs per minute and delivers a maximum torque of 430 Nm at 7,250 revs. The rev limiter of the efficient six-cylinder kicks in at 9,400 rpm.
Porsche GT3
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Aerodynamics In Car Racing
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Aerodynamic efficiency is the goal of all race car designers. It is the most important element in developing a competitive race car.
1. Car Development
2. Racing Physics
3. Front Wing Assembly
4. The Chassis
5. The Rear Wing Assembly
6. Design and Test
7. Future Designs
8. Glossary
9. References
How to Reduce Oil Dependence Costs
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Today, over half of the oil we use is imported (58%), and our dependence will increase as we use up domestic resources.
Most of the world's oil reserves are concentrated in the Middle East, and about two-thirds are controlled by OPEC members.
Oil price shocks and price manipulation by OPEC have cost our economy dearly—about $1.9 trillion from 2004 to 2008—and each major shock was followed by a recession.
Solutions
We may never eliminate our need to import oil, but we can reduce cartel market control and the economic impact of price shocks by reducing our demand.
Congress recently passed legislation to decrease our dependence on oil by increasing corporate average fuel economy (CAFE) standards on new cars and trucks to 35 mpg by model year 2020. This could reduce our petroleum use by 25 billion gallons by 2030.
Ultimately, the solution to this problem lies in technological progress:
* Developing advanced vehicle technologies that use energy more efficiently
* Creating new energy sources that can replace petroleum cleanly and cost-effectively
Automotive Manufacturing Industry in Mexico
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State of Jalisco Auto-parts Distributors Association
The National Association of the Manufacturers of Buses, Trucks and Tractor Trailers
National Auto-parts Industry Association
Mexican Association of Automobile Distributors
Mexican Association of Automotive Industries
National Association of Bus and Cargo Trucks Producers
National Chamber of Cargo Transports
Best Car Dealers in Bethesda in Maryland State
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Chevy Chase Acura
7701 Wisconsin Ave
Bethesda, MD 20814
(877) 206-5689
Chevy Chase Nissan
7701 Wisconsin Ave
Bethesda, MD 20814
(301) 656-9200
Chevy Chase Chevrolet
7725 Wisconsin Ave
Bethesda, MD 20814
(240) 395-4009
EuroMotorcars Rolls-Royce
4919 Bethesda Ave
Bethesda, MD 20814
(888) 712-8822
Bentley Bethesda
4937 Bethesda Ave
Bethesda, MD 20814
(888) 707-4422
Ourisman Honda
4800 Bethesda Ave
Bethesda, MD 20814
(301) 656-1000
How Hybrid Electric Cars Work
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Hybrid-electric vehicles (HEVs) combine the benefits of gasoline engines and electric motors and can be configured to obtain different objectives, such as improved fuel economy, increased power, or additional auxiliary power for electronic devices and power tools.
Regenerative Braking. The electric motor applies resistance to the drivetrain causing the wheels to slow down. In return, the energy from the wheels turns the motor, which functions as a generator, converting energy normally wasted during coasting and braking into electricity, which is stored in a battery until needed by the electric motor.
Electric Motor Drive/Assist. The electric motor provides additional power to assist the engine in accelerating, passing, or hill climbing. This allows a smaller, more efficient engine to be used. In some vehicles, the motor alone provides power for low-speed driving conditions where internal combustion engines are least efficient.
Automatic Start/Shutoff. Automatically shuts off the engine when the vehicle comes to a stop and restarts it when the accelerator is pressed. This prevents wasted energy from idling.
American Automobile Labeling Act (AALA) Reports
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The National Highway Traffic Safety Administration (NHTSA) has provided these reports as an aid to consumers considering the purchase of a new vehicle. The charts list information that NHTSA received from vehicle manufacturers about the U.S./Canadian content (by value) of the equipment (parts) used to assemble passenger motor vehicles. The American Automobile Labeling Act (AALA) defines a passenger motor vehicle as a motor vehicle designed to carry not more than 12 persons with a gross vehicle weight rating not greater than 8,500 pounds and includes multipurpose passenger vehicles and light duty trucks. It does not include a motorcycle or a truck not designed primarily to carry its operator or passengers, i.e., a delivery truck. A label with the U.S./Canada content percentage and related additional information must be displayed on these vehicles up to the time of first retail sale.
Each new passenger motor vehicle must be labeled with the following six items of information:
1. The percentage U.S./Canadian equipment (parts) content;
2. The names of any countries other than the U.S. and Canada which individually contribute 15 percent or more of the equipment content, and the percentage content for each such country (a maximum of two countries);
3. The final assembly point by city and state (where appropriate), and country;
4. The country of origin of the engine;
5. The country of origin of the transmission; and
6. A statement which explains that parts content does not include final assembly (except the engine and transmission), distribution, or other non-parts costs.
The percentage U.S./Canada equipment content, as well as content percentages for other countries are calculated on a "carline" basis rather than for each individual vehicle and may be rounded to the nearest 5 percent. The term "carline" refers to a name of a group of vehicles which has a degree of commonality in construction, e.g., body and chassis. Light duty trucks are considered to be different carlines than passenger cars. A carline includes all motor vehicles of a given nameplate.
Vehicle manufacturers must calculate the equipment content percentages for their carlines prior to the beginning of the model year. They estimate the number of vehicles and subgroups of vehicles that will be built within each carline, e.g., the number of base level and high-line models. For each carline, the calculation of U.S./Canadian content percentage also includes:
1. The U.S./Canadian content (by value) of each item of motor vehicle equipment that will be used to assemble the vehicles within the carline;
2. The total value of each equipment item, i.e., the price the manufacturer will pay for it (this information is typically provided by the manufacturer's suppliers); and
3. The total number of each of the equipment items that will be used to assemble the vehicles within the carline during the model year.
When optional equipment is offered for vehicles within the carline, the vehicle manufacturer estimates the installation rates for that equipment. For example, if vehicles are offered with a manual and automatic transmission, the manufacturer will estimate how many vehicles will be built with each transmission.
The label must be placed in a prominent location on each vehicle where it can be read from the exterior of the vehicle with the doors closed. It may be part of the Monroney price information label, part of the fuel economy label, or a separate label.
The tables that follow list information that was submitted to NHTSA by vehicle manufacturers. The tables include what we believe is the most important information that is displayed on the labels, i.e., the percentage of U.S./Canadian content; whether the vehicles within the carline are passenger cars or other vehicle types, e.g., multipurpose passenger vehicles or MPVs; and where they are manufactured, in the U.S./Canada, elsewhere, or in some cases both. A vehicle's type can be found on its certification label located on the driver's door or door jam.
In addition, NHTSA has other information about safety equipment and systems that are standard or optional equipment on new vehicles on the web site www.safercar.gov. Also included on the web site are data from the agency's New Car Assessment Program (NCAP) including the relative frontal and side crash protection in new vehicles as well as a vehicle's likelihood to roll over from a single vehicle crash. Information on vehicles that NHTSA has tested in the NCAP program can be obtained by calling the agency's toll-free Auto Safety Hotline at 888-327-4236.
If you want to review the original submission from the manufacturers or request research done on the Part 583 submissions, please contact the NHTSA Technical Information Services (TIS). The TIS Reading Room (E12-100) is open to the public during the hours of 9:30 A.M. to 4:00 P.M. (Eastern time). Users may visit the Reading Room to perform their own research. TIS staff members are on duty to assist users. Due to security, have the guard call our Reference Desk, (202) 366-2588 for an escort.
Customers unable to visit TIS in person but requiring extensive searches of the collections are requested to put the details of their requirements in writing, authorizing a fee search for which they agree to make payment.
Important Buying Vehicle Tips
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Buying a Vehicle
Purchasing a vehicle can be an overwhelming task. There are some things you should do before you arrive at a dealership. Do some research:
- Determine how much you can afford to finance and spend on a monthly payment.
- Get a copy of your credit report so you are aware of what creditors will see. A free copy of your credit report is available at www.annualcreditreport.com or you can call toll free: 1-877-322-8228 or for hearing impaired consumers, TDD service at 1-877-730-4104]. Errors or accurate negative information can impact your ability to get credit and/or your finance rate.
- Don' t spend more than you can afford. It is easy to get carried away.
- Know how much your trade is worth (if you have one) and know the value of the vehicle you are purchasing. Information can be found in auto buying guides, the Internet, your bank, and other sources.
- Compare current finance rates being offered by contacting various banks, credit unions or other lenders. Compare bank quotes and dealer quotes and know any limitations on the rate (e.g., only available on late model cars)
Important Buying Tips
- Check to see if the car comes with a warranty and, if so, what the specific protections are that the dealer or seller will provide. Remember, if you buy a car " as is" and have problems with it, you must pay for any repairs yourself.
- Ask to have the car inspected by an independent mechanic, or arrange an inspection yourself before you agree to a purchase.
- Contrary to popular myth, neither state nor federal law gives consumers a right to cancel a car purchase.
- Make sure you get any promises made by the dealer or seller in writing (for example, to replace a broken tail light). Verbal promises are difficult to enforce.
- Ask whether or not the dealer or seller offers an extended warranty or service contract. If you decide to purchase a service contract, make sure you understand what it covers and how long it will last.
- Inquire about any prior damage to the car and its repair history. Don' t automatically accept the seller' s response as accurate.
- Always test drive the vehicle.
Fuel economy and the Greenhouse Gas Scores
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How do I find the greenest vehicle possible?
We have identified the lowest emitting and most fuel efficient vehicles with a "SmartWay" designation. In addition, the best of those are identified as "SmartWay Elite." Look up all SmartWay and SmartWay Elite vehicles from the Home:Basic Search Look up the Greenest Vehicles page. Click on the logos to see more about the SmartWay rating system.
How can I look up a used car?
You can use this Guide to determine the Air Pollution and Greenhouse Gas Scores of any model year 2000 and later car or truck. There are no Air Pollution or Greenhouse Gas Scores for earlier models. However, there are other ways to look at the air pollution (emissions) and greenhouse gas (related to fuel economy) data for older models:
* Emissions: EPA annually posts detailed emission certification test information (actual vehicle test data) in a spreadsheet format at www.epa.gov/otaq/crttst.htm. This data is more technical in nature and may not be useful to the average consumer. Beginning in model year 2004, light-duty vehicles and trucks were required to meet “Tier 2” emission standards. Most vehicles built before 2000 were subject to the less stringent National Low Emission Vehicle (NLEV) or Tier 1 emission standards, and would score between 1 and 3 today. (See the detailed table of emission standards (6 pp, 54k, About PDF) for more information. )
* Fuel Economy: For fuel economy information on cars older than model year 2000, go to the EPA/DOE fuel economy web site at http://www.fueleconomy.gov. This site has fuel economy information for all vehicles going back to 1985.
Why are some vehicles sold only in some parts of the country?
California has emission standards that are similar to but not exactly the same as federal standards. In addition, other states are permitted to adopt the California standards. For the 2008 model year, the following states have adopted the California LEV 2 emission standards: NY, ME, MA, PA, RI, CT, VT. Also, states which border those states may also sell California-certified vehicles. Most manufacturers choose to design a single vehicle type that complies with both California and federal emission standards, thus the vehicles will be available nationwide. However, in some cases, manufacturers will design and certify a vehicle type for sale in California only or the "California states." Information about California's emission standards program can be found at www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/msprog.htm. Exit EPA Disclaimer
Why must I select a state before looking up a vehicle?
Emission requirements for vehicles sold in California and certain states that have adopted California's vehicle emission standards are different from those sold in the rest of the U.S. The law also allows states that border the so-called "California states” to sell California-certified vehicles. As a car shopper, all this makes it very complex to determine where you can purchase the cleanest vehicle that meets your needs. On the previous version of the Guide, after you selected a vehicle, we showed you maps where the vehicle could legally be sold, leaving it up to you to determine if the vehicle was available. In our redesign of the Guide, we now ask that you simply select the state or states where you may be purchasing your vehicle, and the program determines which vehicles you may be able to find in those states, taking some of the guesswork out of your decision. However, please be aware that just because a manufacturer is allowed to offer a vehicle for sale in a certain state does not mean that it must or will offer it for sale there. Sometimes, a manufacturer will certify a vehicle for sale in the entire 50-state region, but only plans to offer it in a limited area. We have no way of knowing these plans, so it's always best to check with your dealer about availability. Information about California's emission standards program can be found at www.arb.ca.gov/msprog/msprog.htm.
Why can't I find some of the biggest trucks, SUVs and vans in this Guide?
Some of the largest vans, pickup trucks, and sport utility vehicles are officially classified as "heavy-duty trucks." Heavy-duty trucks have different emission standards which cannot be easily compared to the standards of the light-duty trucks, and are thus not included in this Guide. They are also exempted from any federal fuel economy requirements. More information about the emission requirements for these and other heavy-duty vehicles can be found at www.epa.gov/otaq/hd-hwy.htm
Alternative Fuels
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Alternative fuels are derrived from resources other than petroleum. Some are produced domestically, reducing our dependence on imported oil, and some are derived from renewable sources. Often, they produce less pollution than gasoline or diesel.
To promote alternative fuels, the Federal government offers tax incentives to consumers purchasing qualifying alternative fuel vehicles.
Ethanol is produced domestically from corn and other crops and produces less greenhouse gas emissions than conventional fuels.
Biodiesel is derived from vegetable oils and animal fats. It usually produces less air pollutants than petroleum-based diesel.
Natural gas is a fossil fuel that generates less air pollutants and 
greenhouse gases.
CNG Logo Propane, also called liquefied petroleum gas (LPG), is 
a domestically abundant fossil fuel that generates less harmful air pollutants and greenhouse gases.
Hyd
rogen can be produced domestically from fossil fuels (such as coal), nuclear power, or renewable resources, such as hydropower. Fuel cell vehicles powered by pure hydrogen emit no harmful air pollutants.
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